@ARTICLE{,
  author = {Mills, Michael and Puri, Prateek and Yu, Yanmei and Derevianko, Andrei and Schneider, Christian and Hudson, Eric R.},
  title = {Efficient repumping of a {Ca} magneto-optical trap},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {96},
  number = {3},
  pages = {033402},
  month = {sep},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.96.033402},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.96.033402},
  abstract = {We investigate the limiting factors in the standard implementation of the Ca magneto-optical trap. We find that intercombination transitions from the $4s5p\;^{1}{P}_{1}$ state used to repump the electronic population from the $3d4s\;^{1}{D}_{2}$ state severely reduce the trap lifetime. We explore seven alternative repumping schemes theoretically and investigate five of them experimentally. We find that all five of these schemes yield a significant increase in the trap lifetime and consequently improve the number of atoms and peak atom density by as much as $\sim20$ times and $\sim6$ times, respectively. One of these transitions, at 453 nm, is shown to approach the fundamental limit for a Ca magneto-optical trap with repumping only from the dark $3d4s\;^{1}{D}_{2}$ state, yielding a trap lifetime of $\sim5$ s.}
}